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 19th
century Cappadocian houses were built on hill sides, either
carved out of the rock or built from large cut stones.
Volcanic stone is the only architectural material in the
region used for building ; it is soft when extracted and can
therefore easily be cut and shaped. It hardens on contact
with air to form a very resistant material. The abundance of
stone in the area, and the ease of use have created a
building technique unique to the area.
Wood is used for courtyard gates and the houses' doors.
Rosette and ivy patterns are used as decorations above the
arched doors.
 The
areas between floors are decorated in up to three rows of
rosettes, fans, stars, palmet, weather vanes and stylized
plant patterns.
Windows are grouped in twos and threes and stylized plant
patterns are also used as decorative borders. Two types of
windows are used, either two panes opening separately or
guillotine style.
In both types of houses there are numerous living rooms, a
kitchen, cellar, store room, an oven (tandir), wine vat etc.
Niches found in the guest rooms are decorated with paintings
of vases full of flowers under silk, tasselled curtains,
scenes from nature or women filling, or carrying water
vessels. These scenes are painted on plaster.
The most interesting examples of local architecture belong
to the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Examples can be found all over the region, but particularly
in Ürgüp, Ortahisar, Mustafapasa, Bashisar, Goreme, Avanos,
and in Guzeloz and nearby Baskoy in the province of Kayseri
and in Guzelyurt in the vicinity of Ihlara Canyon.
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